> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://mintlify.com/provablehq/snarkvm/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Network Types and Traits

> Network trait, implementations, and consensus parameters

The `network` module defines the `Network` trait and its implementations (MainnetV0, TestnetV0, CanaryV0). Networks specify consensus parameters, cryptographic functions, and blockchain configuration.

## Network Trait

The core trait that defines a network's parameters and capabilities.

### Declaration

```rust theme={null}
pub trait Network:
    'static
    + Environment
    + Copy
    + Clone
    + Debug
    + Eq
    + PartialEq
    + core::hash::Hash
    + Serialize
    + DeserializeOwned
    + for<'a> Deserialize<'a>
    + Send
    + Sync
{
    // Constants and methods
}
```

### Identity Constants

<ResponseField name="ID" type="u16">
  The network ID (unique identifier)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="NAME" type="&'static str">
  The long network name (e.g., "Mainnet")
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="SHORT_NAME" type="&'static str">
  The short network name (e.g., "mainnet")
</ResponseField>

### Genesis Parameters

<ResponseField name="GENESIS_TIMESTAMP" type="i64">
  The fixed timestamp of the genesis block
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="GENESIS_COINBASE_TARGET" type="u64">
  The genesis block coinbase target
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="GENESIS_PROOF_TARGET" type="u64">
  The genesis block proof target
</ResponseField>

### Supply and Economics

<ResponseField name="STARTING_SUPPLY" type="u64">
  Starting supply of Aleo credits (1.5B)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_SUPPLY" type="u64">
  Maximum supply of Aleo credits (5B)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_SUPPLY_LIMIT_HEIGHT" type="u32">
  Block height that upper bounds total supply to 5B
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="DEPLOYMENT_FEE_MULTIPLIER" type="u64">
  Cost in microcredits per byte for deployment (1,000)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="CONSTRUCTOR_FEE_MULTIPLIER" type="u64">
  Multiplier in microcredits for each constructor command (100)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="SYNTHESIS_FEE_MULTIPLIER" type="u64">
  Cost in microcredits per constraint (25)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_FEE" type="u64">
  Maximum microcredits that can be spent as a fee (1T)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="TRANSACTION_SPEND_LIMIT" type="[(ConsensusVersion, u64); 2]">
  Transaction spend limits by consensus version
</ResponseField>

### Timing Parameters

<ResponseField name="BLOCK_TIME" type="u16">
  Expected time per block in seconds (10)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="ANCHOR_TIME" type="u16">
  Anchor time in seconds (25)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="ANCHOR_HEIGHT" type="u32">
  Expected blocks to reach coinbase target (ANCHOR\_TIME / BLOCK\_TIME)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="NUM_BLOCKS_PER_EPOCH" type="u32">
  Number of blocks per epoch (360 blocks ≈ 1 hour)
</ResponseField>

### Data Limits

<ResponseField name="MAX_DATA_ENTRIES" type="usize">
  Maximum number of entries in data (32)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_DATA_DEPTH" type="usize">
  Maximum recursive depth of an entry (32)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_DATA_SIZE_IN_FIELDS" type="u32">
  Maximum number of fields in data (must not exceed u16::MAX)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MIN_STRUCT_ENTRIES" type="usize">
  Minimum number of entries in a struct (1)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_STRUCT_ENTRIES" type="usize">
  Maximum number of entries in a struct (32)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MIN_ARRAY_ELEMENTS" type="usize">
  Minimum number of elements in an array (1)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_ARRAY_ELEMENTS" type="[(ConsensusVersion, usize); 3]">
  Maximum array elements by consensus version (32 → 512 → 2048)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MIN_RECORD_ENTRIES" type="usize">
  Minimum number of entries in a record (1, for owner)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_RECORD_ENTRIES" type="usize">
  Maximum number of entries in a record (33)
</ResponseField>

### Program Limits

<ResponseField name="MAX_PROGRAM_SIZE" type="[(ConsensusVersion, usize); 2]">
  Maximum program size in characters (100 kB → 512 kB)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_MAPPINGS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of mappings in a program (31)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_FUNCTIONS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of functions in a program (31)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_STRUCTS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of structs in a program (310)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_RECORDS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of records in a program (310)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_CLOSURES" type="usize">
  Maximum number of closures in a program (62)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_INSTRUCTIONS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of instructions in a closure/function (65,535)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_COMMANDS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of commands in finalize (65,535)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_WRITES" type="[(ConsensusVersion, u16); 2]">
  Maximum write commands in finalize (16 → 32)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_INPUTS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of inputs per transition (16)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_OUTPUTS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of outputs per transition (16)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_IMPORTS" type="usize">
  Maximum number of imports (64)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="MAX_TRANSACTION_SIZE" type="[(ConsensusVersion, usize); 2]">
  Maximum transaction size in bytes (128 kB → 768 kB)
</ResponseField>

### Associated Types

<ResponseField name="StateRoot" type="type StateRoot: Bech32ID<Field<Self>>">
  The state root type
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="BlockHash" type="type BlockHash: Bech32ID<Field<Self>>">
  The block hash type
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="RatificationID" type="type RatificationID: Bech32ID<Field<Self>>">
  The ratification ID type
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="TransactionID" type="type TransactionID: Bech32ID<Field<Self>>">
  The transaction ID type
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="TransitionID" type="type TransitionID: Bech32ID<Field<Self>>">
  The transition ID type
</ResponseField>

### Consensus Methods

<ResponseField name="CONSENSUS_VERSION" type="fn CONSENSUS_VERSION(height: u32) -> Result<ConsensusVersion>">
  Returns the consensus version active at the given height
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="CONSENSUS_HEIGHT" type="fn CONSENSUS_HEIGHT(version: ConsensusVersion) -> Result<u32>">
  Returns the height at which a consensus version becomes active
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="INCLUSION_UPGRADE_HEIGHT" type="fn INCLUSION_UPGRADE_HEIGHT() -> Result<u32>">
  Returns the block height where the inclusion proof will be updated
</ResponseField>

### Cryptographic Functions

#### Commitment Functions

<ResponseField name="commit_bhp256" type="fn commit_bhp256(input: &[bool], randomizer: &Scalar<Self>) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  BHP commitment with 256-bit input hasher
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="commit_bhp512" type="fn commit_bhp512(input: &[bool], randomizer: &Scalar<Self>) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  BHP commitment with 512-bit input hasher
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="commit_bhp768" type="fn commit_bhp768(input: &[bool], randomizer: &Scalar<Self>) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  BHP commitment with 768-bit input hasher
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="commit_bhp1024" type="fn commit_bhp1024(input: &[bool], randomizer: &Scalar<Self>) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  BHP commitment with 1024-bit input hasher
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="commit_ped64" type="fn commit_ped64(input: &[bool], randomizer: &Scalar<Self>) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  Pedersen commitment for up to 64-bit input
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="commit_ped128" type="fn commit_ped128(input: &[bool], randomizer: &Scalar<Self>) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  Pedersen commitment for up to 128-bit input
</ResponseField>

#### Hash Functions

<ResponseField name="hash_bhp256" type="fn hash_bhp256(input: &[bool]) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  BHP hash with 256-bit input hasher
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_bhp512" type="fn hash_bhp512(input: &[bool]) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  BHP hash with 512-bit input hasher
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_bhp768" type="fn hash_bhp768(input: &[bool]) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  BHP hash with 768-bit input hasher
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_bhp1024" type="fn hash_bhp1024(input: &[bool]) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  BHP hash with 1024-bit input hasher
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_psd2" type="fn hash_psd2(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash with input rate of 2
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_psd4" type="fn hash_psd4(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash with input rate of 4
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_psd8" type="fn hash_psd8(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Field<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash with input rate of 8
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_keccak256" type="fn hash_keccak256(input: &[bool]) -> Result<Vec<bool>>">
  Keccak hash with 256-bit output
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_sha3_256" type="fn hash_sha3_256(input: &[bool]) -> Result<Vec<bool>>">
  SHA-3 hash with 256-bit output
</ResponseField>

#### Hash to Group/Scalar

<ResponseField name="hash_to_group_psd2" type="fn hash_to_group_psd2(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Group<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash to group with input rate of 2
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_to_group_psd4" type="fn hash_to_group_psd4(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Group<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash to group with input rate of 4
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_to_group_psd8" type="fn hash_to_group_psd8(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Group<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash to group with input rate of 8
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_to_scalar_psd2" type="fn hash_to_scalar_psd2(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Scalar<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash to scalar with input rate of 2
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_to_scalar_psd4" type="fn hash_to_scalar_psd4(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Scalar<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash to scalar with input rate of 4
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="hash_to_scalar_psd8" type="fn hash_to_scalar_psd8(input: &[Field<Self>]) -> Result<Scalar<Self>>">
  Poseidon hash to scalar with input rate of 8
</ResponseField>

#### Merkle Trees

<ResponseField name="merkle_tree_bhp" type="fn merkle_tree_bhp<const DEPTH: u8>(leaves: &[Vec<bool>]) -> Result<BHPMerkleTree<Self, DEPTH>>">
  Merkle tree with BHP leaf hasher (1024-bit) and path hasher (512-bit)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="merkle_tree_psd" type="fn merkle_tree_psd<const DEPTH: u8>(leaves: &[Vec<Field<Self>>]) -> Result<PoseidonMerkleTree<Self, DEPTH>>">
  Merkle tree with Poseidon leaf hasher (rate 4) and path hasher (rate 2)
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="verify_merkle_path_bhp" type="fn verify_merkle_path_bhp<const DEPTH: u8>(path: &MerklePath<Self, DEPTH>, root: &Field<Self>, leaf: &Vec<bool>) -> bool">
  Verifies a BHP Merkle path
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="verify_merkle_path_psd" type="fn verify_merkle_path_psd<const DEPTH: u8>(path: &MerklePath<Self, DEPTH>, root: &Field<Self>, leaf: &Vec<Field<Self>>) -> bool">
  Verifies a Poseidon Merkle path
</ResponseField>

### Domain Separators

<ResponseField name="commitment_domain" type="fn commitment_domain() -> Field<Self>">
  Returns the commitment domain constant
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="encryption_domain" type="fn encryption_domain() -> Field<Self>">
  Returns the encryption domain constant
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="graph_key_domain" type="fn graph_key_domain() -> Field<Self>">
  Returns the graph key domain constant
</ResponseField>

<ResponseField name="serial_number_domain" type="fn serial_number_domain() -> Field<Self>">
  Returns the serial number domain constant
</ResponseField>

## MainnetV0

The production Aleo network.

### Example

```rust theme={null}
use snarkvm_console::network::{MainnetV0, Network};

type CurrentNetwork = MainnetV0;

println!("Network ID: {}", CurrentNetwork::ID);
println!("Network Name: {}", CurrentNetwork::NAME);
println!("Block Time: {}s", CurrentNetwork::BLOCK_TIME);
println!("Max Supply: {} credits", CurrentNetwork::MAX_SUPPLY);
```

### Configuration

```rust theme={null}
// Network identity
ID: 0
NAME: "Mainnet"
SHORT_NAME: "mainnet"

// Genesis parameters
GENESIS_TIMESTAMP: specific timestamp
GENESIS_COINBASE_TARGET: specific target
GENESIS_PROOF_TARGET: specific target
```

## TestnetV0

The test network for development and testing.

### Example

```rust theme={null}
use snarkvm_console::network::{TestnetV0, Network};

type CurrentNetwork = TestnetV0;

// Use TestnetV0 for development
let private_key = PrivateKey::<CurrentNetwork>::new(&mut rng)?;
```

### Configuration

```rust theme={null}
// Network identity
ID: 1
NAME: "Testnet"
SHORT_NAME: "testnet"

// Same limits as mainnet but different genesis parameters
```

## CanaryV0

The canary network for testing upgrades.

### Example

```rust theme={null}
use snarkvm_console::network::{CanaryV0, Network};

type CurrentNetwork = CanaryV0;
```

### Configuration

```rust theme={null}
// Network identity
ID: 2
NAME: "Canary"
SHORT_NAME: "canary"
```

## Helper Types

### BHPMerkleTree

```rust theme={null}
pub type BHPMerkleTree<N, const DEPTH: u8> = 
    MerkleTree<N, BHP1024<N>, BHP512<N>, DEPTH>;
```

Merkle tree using BHP hash functions.

### PoseidonMerkleTree

```rust theme={null}
pub type PoseidonMerkleTree<N, const DEPTH: u8> = 
    MerkleTree<N, Poseidon4<N>, Poseidon2<N>, DEPTH>;
```

Merkle tree using Poseidon hash functions.

## Consensus Versions

Networks support multiple consensus versions:

```rust theme={null}
pub enum ConsensusVersion {
    V1,
    V10,
    V11,
    V14,
    // etc.
}
```

### Querying Consensus

```rust theme={null}
use snarkvm_console::network::{MainnetV0, Network, ConsensusVersion};

type CurrentNetwork = MainnetV0;

// Get consensus version at a specific height
let version = CurrentNetwork::CONSENSUS_VERSION(1000)?;

// Get height when a version activates
let height = CurrentNetwork::CONSENSUS_HEIGHT(ConsensusVersion::V14)?;

// Get latest max array elements
let max_array = CurrentNetwork::LATEST_MAX_ARRAY_ELEMENTS();
```

## Using Network Parameters

### Example: Fee Calculation

```rust theme={null}
use snarkvm_console::network::{MainnetV0, Network};

type CurrentNetwork = MainnetV0;

// Calculate deployment fee
let program_size = 50_000; // 50 kB
let deployment_fee = program_size as u64 * CurrentNetwork::DEPLOYMENT_FEE_MULTIPLIER;
println!("Deployment fee: {} microcredits", deployment_fee);

// Check transaction size limit
let tx_size = 100_000;
assert!(tx_size <= CurrentNetwork::LATEST_MAX_TRANSACTION_SIZE());
```

### Example: Using Cryptographic Functions

```rust theme={null}
use snarkvm_console::network::{MainnetV0, Network};
use snarkvm_console::types::{Field, Scalar};

type CurrentNetwork = MainnetV0;

// Hash data
let data = vec![true, false, true, true];
let hash = CurrentNetwork::hash_bhp256(&data)?;

// Commit with randomizer
let randomizer = Scalar::<CurrentNetwork>::rand(&mut rng);
let commitment = CurrentNetwork::commit_bhp512(&data, &randomizer)?;

// Poseidon hash
let fields = vec![Field::from_u64(1), Field::from_u64(2)];
let hash = CurrentNetwork::hash_psd2(&fields)?;
```

### Example: Merkle Trees

```rust theme={null}
use snarkvm_console::network::{MainnetV0, Network};

type CurrentNetwork = MainnetV0;

// Create BHP Merkle tree
let leaves = vec![
    vec![true, false, true],
    vec![false, true, false],
];
let tree = CurrentNetwork::merkle_tree_bhp::<3>(&leaves)?;

// Get root and proof
let root = tree.root();
let proof = tree.prove(0, &leaves[0])?;

// Verify proof
assert!(CurrentNetwork::verify_merkle_path_bhp(&proof, &root, &leaves[0]));
```

## See Also

* [Console Overview](/api/console/overview) - Console module architecture
* [Console Types](/api/console/types) - Primitive types used with networks
* [Algorithms](/api/algorithms) - Cryptographic algorithm implementations